The geography of the Toffee mission

The Toffee mission, born out of the split of the Envelope Blue after the events of the Summer of 1944, was active in the Parma area in an operative zone labelled 'East Cisa'. The Cisa pass, in fact, marked the boundry of the mission operative zone.

As you can see from the map, the mission did not move around much. This was because the terrain was very rough and the enemy made constant attacks and rastrellamenti against the local partisans. The operative zone, right behind the Gothic Line, was particularly difficult. The Germans, in fact, wanted to keep their rear clean of partisans and thus repression was sfiwt and brutal.